Relations Between Russia And Cuba Essay - 2254 Words

It is an exciting time in the history of the United States and Cuba. For the first time in 50 years, the U.S. will send an ambassador to Cuba to serve as the head of the Embassy of the United States in Havana. As an expert policy analyst for the Council on Foreign Relations, you have been called upon to give advice on the issue of Russian spy bases reportedly reopening in Cuba against the backdrop of normalizing U.S.-Cuba relations. According to anonymous sources at the Department of Homeland Security, Cuba and Russia reached an agreement to reopen the previously Soviet-run Lourdes signal intelligence base in Cuba, located 150 miles from the U.S. Ambassador Jeff DeLaurentis and his team has hired your department at the Council on Foreign Relations to participate in discussions about policy decisions. By analyzing the historical significance of relations between Russia and Cuba and taking into consideration the interest each side has for one another, we can better understand the impl ication U.S. policies in Cuba may have. Former Ambassador to the OAS Sol M. Linowitz advocated for the restoration of relations when he declared in 1991, â€Å"What all this comes down to is that we are at a moment of truth in the Americas. It is not only that the United States and Latin America need each other in order to confront critical domestic and international challenges. It is also that we now have (for the first time in memory) a truly historic opportunity to construct a responsibleShow MoreRelatedCuban-Russian Relations1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship dating back to before Fidel Castro’s installment into power, Russia and Cuba have both played major roles in the development and regression of each other’s economies and societies. The first official diplomatic relationship between the Soviet Union and Cuba began developing during World War II, in 1943. With the establishment of the first Soviet embassy by Maxim Litvinov, stationed in Havana, Cuba; this was after Cuba gained its independence from the United States in 1902 and the RussianRead MoreCuban and U.S. Relations Essay example1098 Words   |  5 PagesCuban and U.S. Relations From the time, Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba tensions ran high between the Cuban government and the United States government. Relations between Cuba and the United States grew during Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations. Not as much during the Eisenhower administration as the Kennedy administration did tensions between between the two countries intensify. Kennedy faced many a different situations as President. He faced such situations like the Bay of PigsRead MoreU.s. Cuba Relations : A Discussion Of Constructivism And Realism1329 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. – Cuba Relations: A Discussion of Constructivism and Realism During the Cold War, relations between Cuba and the United States were icy. Cuba was allied with the USSR, America’s enemy, and was well within their sphere of influence. With events like the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis happening on their soil, Cuba was at the center of the Cold War. Between ideological differences and their alliance with Russia, Cuba became an enemy of America as well. It took the effortsRead MoreRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 19621056 Words   |  5 PagesRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 1962 1) Describe how relations between the superpowers worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1962. The allies were divided after defeating Germany and the relationship between superpowers worsened between 1959 and 1962. These two nations became the superpowers because they had greater military and economic resources than anyone else. They had tried to embarrass, humiliate and defeat each other in everythingRead MoreInternational Relations, Realism, Liberalism, And Constructivism944 Words   |  4 PagesThe previous three weeks, we have learned a lot about the fundamentals on International Relations and the various theories and practices applied to the real world. When discussing the basic theories of international relations, realism, liberalism, and constructivism, we can apply these to some of the most prominent leaders in our world. In regards to Russia s President, Vladimir Putin, the theoretical perspective he best embodies is realism. According to the theory of realism, the states believeRead MoreThe Warming Of Relations Between Cuba And The United States1285 Words   |  6 PagesA controversial subject,yet not spoken about enough,the warming of relations between Cuba and the U.S exists only due to the two countries having a rough past with each other. This â€Å"rough past† consists of aspects such as the protectorate status the U.S had previously put onto Cuba, which severely limited their independence and the U.S had, ironically, just helped them achieve. Some take a stance that we as countries should stay distant from each other due to our vast governmental and cultural differencesRead MoreEssay about The Cuban Missile Crisis756 Words   |  4 PagesCrisis Between 1959 and 1962 relations between USA and Cuba deteriorated. Up until 1959, America had kept General Batista in power over Cuba and had strong links, especially in trade. Castro’s ascent to power in 1959 triggered the short-term events contributing to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The main cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the cold relationship between the two great superpowers: America and Russia. This had been going on sinceRead MoreSoviet Union And The Cold War1660 Words   |  7 PagesThis statement has seemingly remained truthful from the point when Soviet Russia and America worked together to stem, and eventually end, the tide of Nazi Germany’s imperialistic overthrow of Europe. Since the end of World War II to the present day, relations between Russia and America have declined due to the Cold War, improved due to Russia s transition to democracy, and are reverting back to Cold War standards in relation to political involvement and economic standards, while remaining improvedRead MoreEssay on Rfks 13 Days619 Words   |  3 PagesCuban missile crisis. He vividly recalls the thirteen days between October 16 and October 28, 1962. Within these thirteen days, havoc and stress faced the White House, especially to Senator RFK and his brother, President John F. Kennedy. The story is about the handling of the crisis by one brother and the personal account of the other. The two w orked together to keep America and the world safe. p The story focuses on the conflict between the two giant atomic nations, the United States and theRead MoreHistorical Timeline Of East West Relationship Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesHitler of Germany, the climate of distrust between the United Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR) and the west led by the United States of America (USA) still continued after the world war. Prior to the world war two, there were tensions between the USSR and the USA over the refusal of the Americans to recognize the government of the Bolshevik regime in 1933, and to further deteriorate things joseph Stalin had signed a pact with Germany’s Hitler which allowed Russia to annex the Baltic states (Lithuania

Early Childhood Development The Psychoanalytic Theories...

Play is one of the most critical aspect of a child development. Play will positively affect a child physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Children learns various skills through play that will benefit them for the rest of their life. Play helps children develop vocabulary and literacy capability, social skills. Research shows that children benefit, both from guided and unstructured play. Specialists define guided play as play structured to teach academic skills and concepts (Roskos, Tabors, and Lenhart 2004). Two major theories explain on the importance of play in early childhood development, the Psychoanalytic theories and the constructivist theories. The constructivist view focuses on play as a mean for children to construct knowledge. Through play children can experience pleasant and unpleasant situations (Charlesworth, 2011). Vygotsky emphasizes on representational play. for Vygotsky, the fantasy play in early part of a child’s life is critical for their d evelopment (Charlesworth, R. 2011). Representational play and the help of adults can help children creates a Zones of Proximal Development (ZPD) where children can build on of their skills and develop new skills. Through play children can pretend to be whatever they want without fear of rejection, or punishment. Play is critical for children to develop and practice new language skills (Han, Moore, Vukelich, and Buell). A study of 118 low performing students, trying to understand how children’sShow MoreRelatedThe Physical Development Of Children1739 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay consists of a critique of the major theories in relation to the development of children from birth to three years and if they apply to all children’s development. The physical development of children is explored by Freud. His theory displays children at a very young age, showing interest in their own bodies, as he believes they receive pleasure from exploring their genital area. This sexual fixation is started at infancy when the infant takes nourishment and pleasure from suckling milkRead MorePsychoanalytic Theories Of Human Development3318 Words   |  14 Pagesenvironments or thoughts. There are many different influences within society that may impact on human development. Human development occurs over three different factors which can relate to one another of affect each other, these are biological, cog nitive and psychological. Biological meaning human growth, physical changes within the human body for example maturation and growth. Cognitive due to the development of an individual mentally through learning, memory, imaging, ways of thinking and problem solvingRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Development1536 Words   |  7 PagesExperts have spent centuries attempting to obtain the secrets of human development and identify the exact science behind it. Experts have not been able to discover any exact influences of normal human development, nor have they been able to uncover the exact causes of developmental abnormalities (Disabilities). What they have found can seem quite confusing and has caused much debate among those trying to tackle the answer to the question. Is ones developmental trajectory determined by the highnessRead More#NAME?1749 Words   |  7 Pages- His theories on learning is referred to as constructivist approach. - he said that children built up their own thoughts on experiences they had and what they saw. He felt that learning was ongoing and children need to adapt. - Information contradicts their conclusion e.g. children may have milk in a pink tommie sippy but then have juice instead of milk in a pink tommie sippy they would reconsider that other drinks come in a pink tommie sippy not just milk. - piaget grouped children’s learningRead MoreEssay on the Moral Development of Children, Through the Ages and Stages; Referring to Kohlberg and Lickona.2197 Words   |  9 Pageshundreds of comments and decisions that involve moral reasoning. Knowing how and when to respond, requires the teacher to understand the theory and principles underlying the process of moral development. There are several theories and principles by psychologists related to the process of moral development. Freud, a social theorist, proposed a psychoanalytic theory where children form a conscience or superego through identification with the same sex parent (Cole Cole, 1996). A child would behave morallyRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pages02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 2 3:33 PM Page 32 Physical and Cognitive Development Preview Examining the shape of children’s development allows us to understand it better. Every childhood is distinct, and is the first chapter in a new biography. This chapter is about children’s physical and cognitive development. 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Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important. Some aspects of Development follow a definite sequence. This is particular true when it comes to physical development for example, babies have to learn to lift their heads before they can sit; toddlers have to walk before they can run. It is also the case in other areas such as communication as, for example, a baby recogniseRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageslapse in time between their original publication and the printing of this volume, have become obsolete and no longer correspond to the present state of my investigations.** Thus, in the case of partial changes in my orientation, or simply of new developments, or even when recent contributions to the field by other authors had to be accounted for, I have preferred toupdate merely by adding notes (rather long ones when necessary) instead of modifying the original texts. †  * Originally published in

Various Laboratory Tests on Cement Free Essays

VARIOUS LAB TEST ON CEMENT: Checking of materials is an essential part of civil engineering as the life of structure is dependent on the quality of material used. Following are the tests to be conducted to judge the quality of cement. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Various Laboratory Tests on Cement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fineness 2. Soundness 3. Consistency 4. Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement FINENESS OF CEMENT: We need to determine the fineness of cement by dry sieving as per IS: 4031 (Part 1) – 1996. The principle of this is that we determine the proportion of cement whose grain size is larger than specified mesh size. Apparatus: The apparatus used are ) 75Â µm IS Sieve ii) Balance capable of weighing 10g to the nearest 10mg iii) A nylon or pure bristle brush, preferably with 25 to 40mm iv) bristle, for cleaning the sieve Figure No. Sieve No. 200 Procedure to determine fineness of cement: i) Weigh approximately 10g of cement to the nearest 0. 01g and place it on the sieve. ii) Agitate the sieve by swirling, planetary and linear movements, until no more fine material passes through it. iii) Weigh the residue and express its mass as a percentage R1,of the quantity first placed on the sieve to the nearest 0. 1 percent. v) Gently brush all the fine material off the base of the sieve. v ) Repeat the whole procedure using a fresh 10g sample to obtain R2. Then calculate R as the mean of R1 and R2 as a percentage, expressed to the nearest 0. 1 percent. When the results differ by more than 1 percent absolute, carry out a third sieving and calculate the mean of the three values. Reporting of Results: Report the value of R, to the nearest 0. 1 percent, as the residue on the 90Â µm sieve. Test To Check Soundness Of Cement: SOUNDNESS : Soundness of cement is determined by Le-Chatelier method as per IS: 4031 (Part 3) – 1988. Apparatus – The apparatus for conducting the Le-Chatelier test should conform to IS: 5514 – 1969 Balance, whose permissible variation at a load of 1000g should be +1. 0g and Water bath. Procedure to determine soundness of cement i) Place the mould on a glass sheet and fill it with the cement paste formed by gauging cement with 0. 78 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. ii) Cover the mould with another piece of glass sheet, place a small weight on this covering glass sheet and immediately submerge the whole assembly in water at a temperature of 27 Â ± 2oC and keep it there for 24hrs. ii) Measure the distance separating the indicator points to the nearest 0. 5mm (say d1 ). iv) Submerge the mould again in water at the temperature prescribed above. Bring the water to boiling point in 25 to 30 minutes and keep it boiling for 3hrs. v) Remove the mould from the water, allow it to cool and measure the distance between the indicator points (say d2 ) . vi) (d2 – d1 ) represents the expansion of cement. Test To Check Consistency Of Cement : CONSISTENCY : The basic aim is to find out the water content required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency as specified by the IS: 4031 (Part 4) – 1988. The principle is that standard consistency of cement is that consistency at which the Vicat plunger penetrates to a point 5-7mm from the bottom of Vicat mould. Apparatus – Vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513 – 1976, Balance, whose permissible variation at a load of 1000g should be +1. 0g, Gauging trowel conforming to IS: 10086 – 1982. Procedure to determine consistency of cement i) Weigh approximately 400g of cement and mix it with a weighed quantity of water. The time of gauging should be between 3 to 5 minutes. ii) Fill the Vicat mould with paste and level it with a trowel. ii) Lower the plunger gently till it touches the cement surface. iv) Release the plunger allowing it to sink into the paste. v) Note the reading on the gauge. vi) Repeat the above procedure taking fresh samples of cement and different quantities of water until the reading on the gauge is 5 to 7mm. Reporting of Results Express the amount of water as a percentage of the weight of dry cement to the first place of decimal. Test To Check Initial And Final Setting Time Of Cement : INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIME : We need to calculate the initial and final setting time as per IS: 4031 (Part 5) – 1988. To do so we need Vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513 – 1976, Balance, whose permissible variation at a load of 1000g should be +1. 0g, Gauging trowel conforming to IS: 10086 – 1982. Procedure to determine initial and final setting time of cement : i) Prepare a cement paste by gauging the cement with 0. 85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. ii) Start a stop-watch, the moment water is added to the cement. iii) Fill the Vicat mould completely with the cement paste gauged as above, the mould resting on a non-porous plate and smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top of the mould. The cement block thus prepared in the mould is the test block. A)Â  INITIAL SETTING TIME : Place the test block under the rod bearing the needle. Lower the needle gently in order to make contact with the surface of the cement paste and release quickly, allowing it to penetrate the test block. Repeat the procedure till the needle fails to pierce the test block to a point 5. 0 Â ± 0. 5mm measured from the bottom of the mould. The time period elapsing between the time, water is added to the cement and the time, the needle fails to pierce the test block by 5. 0 Â ± 0. mm measured from the bottom of the mould, is the initial setting time. B)Â  FINAL SETTING TIME : Replace the above needle by the one with an annular attachment. The cement should be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface of the test block, the needle makes an impression therein, while the attachment fails to do so. The period elapsing between the time, water is added to the cement and the time, the needle makes an impression on the surface of the test block, while the attachment fails to do so, is the final setting time. How to cite Various Laboratory Tests on Cement, Essay examples

Paksa free essay sample

Superstition is the belief in supernatural causality—that one event leads to the cause of another without any natural process linking the two events—such as astrology, religion, omens, witchcraft, etc. , that contradicts natural science. Opposition to superstition was central to the intellectuals during the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. The philosophes at that time rejected any belief in miracles, revelation, magic, or the supernatural, as superstition, as well as unreasoned Christian doctrine. Paniniwala sa isang kasabihan na walang pinagbasihan. Ito ay kadalasang namana natin sa ating mga ninuno. Ako’y di pumapanig o naniniwala dito. Dahil ang tunay na kapalaran at swerte ng tao ay tao rin ang makakagawa. Hindi ito nakabase sa paniniwala na wala naman katuturan at walang pinagbasihan. Sorcery the art, practices, or spells of a person who is supposed to exercise supernatural powers through theaid of evil spirits; black magic; witchery. Ang gawaing ito ay taliwas pa rin sa batas ng Diyos at hinding hindi ako pabor o naniniwala dito. Sapagkat ang sorcery ay pawing mga kathang isip lamang at pawang mga demonyo o evil spirit lang ang nakakagamit nito. Ngunit di ko rin alam kung ito ba ay totoo o mga gawa-gawa lamang. Magic is an attempt to understand, experience and influence the world using rituals, symbols, actions, gestures and language. Modern Western magicians generally state magics primary purpose to be personal spiritual growth. Modern theories of magic may see it as the result of a universal sympathy where some act can produce a result somewhere else, or as a collaboration with spirits who cause the effect. Ang mahika ay may kaunting pagkakahalintulad sa sorcery dahil ang mahika ay ang paggamit din ng mga Spells o mga kakaibang salita ngunit hindi sa masama ginagamit. Ngunit ang maituturing na mahika ngayon ay may paliwanag na ang Sensya kaya mahirap na rin itong paniwalaan. Hindi rin ako naniniwala dito. Fortune Telling Ang Fortune telling ay kilala pa rin kahit sa kasalukuyang panahon. Dahil maraming tao pa rin ang naniniwala dito at dito sila lumalapit upang malaman ang kanilang kinabukasan. Sa fortune telling o panghuhula ang kalimitang ginagamit ay mga baraha at guhit sa mga palad. Ang lahat ng ito ay tila wala pa rin basehan kaya di pa rin ako naniniwala dito. Spirit of the Glass Ang spirit of the glass ay ang pagtatawag ng spirito sa pamamagitan ng baso at isang malapad na papel na may nakasulat na letra. Sa pagtawag ng ispiritu ay sinasabayan nila ng dasal. Sa tingin ko ang gawaing ito ay walang katotohanan. Kung totoo man ito ay di pa rin ako napanig o sumasang ayon dito. Dahil ang paggambala sa mga ispiritu o kaluluwa ng mga namatay na ay labag sa kautusan ng Diyos. Paksa 2: Paggamit ng Kapangyarihan Graft and corruption Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. Di ako sangayon at panig dito. Dahil ang pangungurakot o pagkupit sap era ng sambahayan ay di makatarungan na Gawain. Sapagkat niluklok sila ng tao para mamahala at hindi mandugas. Ang pagiging corrupt ay mainit na usapin pa rin sa medya hanggang sa ngayon dahil hindi pa rin natatapos ang pagsisiyasat kung sino ang tunay na nakinabang sa kaban ng Bayan. Nepotism Nepotism is favoritism granted in politics or business to relatives. The term originated with the assignment of nephews to cardinal positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism is found in the fields of politics, entertainment, business and religion. Di ako sangayon dito dahil dito nagsisimula ang pandaraya at pangungurakot. Paksa 3: Kasagraduhan ng Buhay Abortion Abortion is the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before viability. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is often called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. The term abortion most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy. Malinaw na malinaw na hindi ako sang ayon ditto. Dahil ang aborsyon ay isang uri ng pagkitil sa buhay at ang buhay ang pinaka mahalaga sa lahat. Hindi ang tao o kahit ang nanay ang may desisyon kung ilalaglag ba ito o hindi. Dahil ang Diyos lang ang may karapatan na bawiin ang buhay natin. Euthanasia Eutanasya. Tumatalakay sa pagwakas ng buhay ng isang tao sa isang paraan na hindi na sya makararanas pa ng sakit, ginagawa lang ito sa mga taong hindi na kayang tumagal pa sa sakit na nadarama nila. at ito ay ginagawa lamang kung hiniling ng pasyente o ng pamilya nito. Sa paraang ito ay di pa rin ako sang-ayon. Dahil gaya nga ng sinabi ko kanina na ang buhay ay pinakamahalaga at pinaka Sagrado sa lahat kaya wala tayong karapatan na bawiin ito sa isang tao. Death Penalty Ang death penalty ay ang parusa sa nasasakdal na patayin dahil sa malaking kasalana. Ito ay tinatawag na Bitay sa wikang Tagalog. Pwede kang mahatulan nito kung nakapatay ka, at ipinahayag kang guilty. Sa ngayon, ipinatigil ni Pangulong Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ang parusang ito dahil walang karapatan ang sinuman na kumitil ng buhay ng tao maging ang pinakamakapangyarihang nilalang sa buong mundo dahil Diyos lamang ang makakagawa nito. Di ako sang-ayon dito dahil ang mali ay di na maitatama pa ng pagkakamali. Diyos ang nagbigay ng buhay sa tao at diyos lang din ang may karapatan na bumawi nito. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or knocked out, using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations. Hindi ako payag dito. Dahil Diyos lang ang may karapatan na maglikha ng bagong buhay ng nilalang. Sa proseso din na ito ay may masamang dulot. Child Labor Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour. These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those byAmish children, and others. Di ako sang ayon dito. Dahil ito ay pag-abuso sa mga kabataan na labag sa batas. Republic Act 7610 o mas kilala bilang Child Abuse law. Hazing Hazing is the practice of rituals and other activities involving harassment, abuse or humiliation used as a way of initiating a person into a group. Hazing is seen in many different types of social groups, including gangs, sports teams, schools, military units, and fraternities and sororities. In the United States and Canada, hazing is often associated with Greek-letter organizations. Hazing is often prohibited by law and may comprise either physical or psychological abuse. It may also include nudity or sexually-oriented offenses. Di ako sang-ayon dito. Sapagkat kapag ginagawa ang gawaing ito ay maaaring malagay sa alanganin ang buhay ng isang tao. Substance abuse Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. The term drug abuse does not exclude dependency, but is otherwise used in a similar manner in nonmedical contexts. The terms have a huge range of definitions related to taking apsychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions imply a negative judgment of the drug use in question (compare with the term responsible drug use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include alcohol, substituted amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (particularlyalprazolam, temazepam, diazepam and clonazepam), cocaine, methaqualone, and opioids. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, both strongly depending on local jurisdiction. There are many cases in which criminal or anti-social behavior occur when the person is under the influence of a drug. Long term personality changes in individuals may occur as well. Other definitions of drug abuse fall into four main categories: public health definitions, mass communication and vernacular usage, medical definitions, and political and criminal justice definitions. Substance abuse is prevalent with an estimated 120 million users of hard drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and other synthetic drugs. Di ako sang-ayon dito sapagkat ang paggamit ng pinagbabawal na gamut ay labag sa Republic Act 9165. At kung sino man ang mahuhuling gumagamit nito ay may karampatang parusa. Paksa 4: Paggalang sa Dignidad ng sekswalidad ng Tao Pre-marital Sex Premarital sex is sexual activity practiced by persons who are unmarried. The prevalence of pre-marital sex has increased in both developed and developing countries. In some cultures, the significance of premarital sex has traditionally been related to the concept of virginity. However, unlike virginity, premarital sex can refer to more than one occasion of sexual activity or more than one sex partner. There are cultural differences as to whether and in which circumstances premarital sex is socially acceptable or tolerated. Social attitudes to premarital sex have changed over time as has the prevalence of premarital sex in various societies. Social attitudes to premarital sex can include issues such as virginity, sexual morality, extramarital unplanned pregnancy, legitimacy besides other issues. Premarital sex may take place in a number of situations. For example, it may take place as casual sex, for example, with at least one participant seeking to experience sex; it may take place between a couple living together in a long-term relationship without marriage; for a betrothed couple engaging in sexual activity before their anticipated marriage; and many other situations are possible. Di ako sang-ayon dito. Dahil sa paraang ito lumalaganap ang sakit. Dahil sa pagtatalik ng dalawang indibidwal na di naman mag-asawa o lubusang magkakilala. Live-in Ang live in ay pagsasama ng dalawang taong nagmamahalan sa ilalim ng isang bubong at ginagawa ang mga gawain ng mga mag-asawa ngunit ang kaibahan lang ay walang kasal na nagbibigkis sa kanilang dalawa. Ang paglilive in o pagsasama na parang mag-asawa ay nangyayari dahil sa kakulangan ng pera para magpakasal. Ito din ay bunga ng maagang pagaasawa. Ang live in ay nangyayari din kung ang isa sa magkapareha ay hindi na maaaring magpakasal. Halimbawa ang lalaki ay kasal na ngunit nakahanap ng pagmamahal sa ibang babae. Sexual Exploitation Sexual exploitation is the sexual abuse of children and youth through the exchange of sex or sexual acts for drugs, food, shelter, protection, other basics of life, and/or money. Sexual exploitation includes involving children and youth in creating pornography and sexually explicit websites. Di ako sang-ayon dito sapagkat ito ay maling Gawain n adapt pigilan. Same-sex Marriage Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage) is marriage between two people of the same biological sex and/or gender identity. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage or the possibility to perform a same-sex marriage is sometimes referred to as marriage equality or equal marriage, particularly by supporters. The legalization of same-sex marriage is characterized as redefining marriage by many opponents. Prostitution Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations, in exchange for payment. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country, from being permissible but unregulated, to an enforced or unenforced crime or to a regulated profession. Prostitution is sometimes also referred to as the worlds oldest profession. Estimates place the annual revenue generated from the global prostitution industry to be over $100 billion. Extramarital Sex Extramarital affairs are relationships outside of marriage where an illicit romantic or sexual relationship or a romantic friendship or passionate attachment occurs. An extramarital affair that continues in one form or another for years, even as one of the partners to that affair passes through marriage, divorce and remarriage, could be considered the primary relationship and the marriages secondary to it. This may be serial polygamy or other forms of nonmonogamy. The ability to pursue serial and clandestine extramarital affairs whilst safeguarding the secrets and conflict of interest inherent in the practice, requires skill in deception and duplicitous negotiation. Even to hide one affair requires a degree of skill or malicious gaslighting. All these behaviors are more usually called lying.