Relations Between Russia And Cuba Essay - 2254 Words

It is an exciting time in the history of the United States and Cuba. For the first time in 50 years, the U.S. will send an ambassador to Cuba to serve as the head of the Embassy of the United States in Havana. As an expert policy analyst for the Council on Foreign Relations, you have been called upon to give advice on the issue of Russian spy bases reportedly reopening in Cuba against the backdrop of normalizing U.S.-Cuba relations. According to anonymous sources at the Department of Homeland Security, Cuba and Russia reached an agreement to reopen the previously Soviet-run Lourdes signal intelligence base in Cuba, located 150 miles from the U.S. Ambassador Jeff DeLaurentis and his team has hired your department at the Council on Foreign Relations to participate in discussions about policy decisions. By analyzing the historical significance of relations between Russia and Cuba and taking into consideration the interest each side has for one another, we can better understand the impl ication U.S. policies in Cuba may have. Former Ambassador to the OAS Sol M. Linowitz advocated for the restoration of relations when he declared in 1991, â€Å"What all this comes down to is that we are at a moment of truth in the Americas. It is not only that the United States and Latin America need each other in order to confront critical domestic and international challenges. It is also that we now have (for the first time in memory) a truly historic opportunity to construct a responsibleShow MoreRelatedCuban-Russian Relations1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship dating back to before Fidel Castro’s installment into power, Russia and Cuba have both played major roles in the development and regression of each other’s economies and societies. The first official diplomatic relationship between the Soviet Union and Cuba began developing during World War II, in 1943. With the establishment of the first Soviet embassy by Maxim Litvinov, stationed in Havana, Cuba; this was after Cuba gained its independence from the United States in 1902 and the RussianRead MoreCuban and U.S. Relations Essay example1098 Words   |  5 PagesCuban and U.S. Relations From the time, Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba tensions ran high between the Cuban government and the United States government. Relations between Cuba and the United States grew during Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations. Not as much during the Eisenhower administration as the Kennedy administration did tensions between between the two countries intensify. Kennedy faced many a different situations as President. He faced such situations like the Bay of PigsRead MoreU.s. Cuba Relations : A Discussion Of Constructivism And Realism1329 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. – Cuba Relations: A Discussion of Constructivism and Realism During the Cold War, relations between Cuba and the United States were icy. Cuba was allied with the USSR, America’s enemy, and was well within their sphere of influence. With events like the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis happening on their soil, Cuba was at the center of the Cold War. Between ideological differences and their alliance with Russia, Cuba became an enemy of America as well. It took the effortsRead MoreRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 19621056 Words   |  5 PagesRelations between the Superpowers between 1959 and the Summer of 1962 1) Describe how relations between the superpowers worsened between 1959 and the summer of 1962. The allies were divided after defeating Germany and the relationship between superpowers worsened between 1959 and 1962. These two nations became the superpowers because they had greater military and economic resources than anyone else. They had tried to embarrass, humiliate and defeat each other in everythingRead MoreInternational Relations, Realism, Liberalism, And Constructivism944 Words   |  4 PagesThe previous three weeks, we have learned a lot about the fundamentals on International Relations and the various theories and practices applied to the real world. When discussing the basic theories of international relations, realism, liberalism, and constructivism, we can apply these to some of the most prominent leaders in our world. In regards to Russia s President, Vladimir Putin, the theoretical perspective he best embodies is realism. According to the theory of realism, the states believeRead MoreThe Warming Of Relations Between Cuba And The United States1285 Words   |  6 PagesA controversial subject,yet not spoken about enough,the warming of relations between Cuba and the U.S exists only due to the two countries having a rough past with each other. This â€Å"rough past† consists of aspects such as the protectorate status the U.S had previously put onto Cuba, which severely limited their independence and the U.S had, ironically, just helped them achieve. Some take a stance that we as countries should stay distant from each other due to our vast governmental and cultural differencesRead MoreEssay about The Cuban Missile Crisis756 Words   |  4 PagesCrisis Between 1959 and 1962 relations between USA and Cuba deteriorated. Up until 1959, America had kept General Batista in power over Cuba and had strong links, especially in trade. Castro’s ascent to power in 1959 triggered the short-term events contributing to the Cuban Missile Crisis. The main cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the cold relationship between the two great superpowers: America and Russia. This had been going on sinceRead MoreSoviet Union And The Cold War1660 Words   |  7 PagesThis statement has seemingly remained truthful from the point when Soviet Russia and America worked together to stem, and eventually end, the tide of Nazi Germany’s imperialistic overthrow of Europe. Since the end of World War II to the present day, relations between Russia and America have declined due to the Cold War, improved due to Russia s transition to democracy, and are reverting back to Cold War standards in relation to political involvement and economic standards, while remaining improvedRead MoreEssay on Rfks 13 Days619 Words   |  3 PagesCuban missile crisis. He vividly recalls the thirteen days between October 16 and October 28, 1962. Within these thirteen days, havoc and stress faced the White House, especially to Senator RFK and his brother, President John F. Kennedy. The story is about the handling of the crisis by one brother and the personal account of the other. The two w orked together to keep America and the world safe. p The story focuses on the conflict between the two giant atomic nations, the United States and theRead MoreHistorical Timeline Of East West Relationship Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesHitler of Germany, the climate of distrust between the United Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR) and the west led by the United States of America (USA) still continued after the world war. Prior to the world war two, there were tensions between the USSR and the USA over the refusal of the Americans to recognize the government of the Bolshevik regime in 1933, and to further deteriorate things joseph Stalin had signed a pact with Germany’s Hitler which allowed Russia to annex the Baltic states (Lithuania

Early Childhood Development The Psychoanalytic Theories...

Play is one of the most critical aspect of a child development. Play will positively affect a child physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. Children learns various skills through play that will benefit them for the rest of their life. Play helps children develop vocabulary and literacy capability, social skills. Research shows that children benefit, both from guided and unstructured play. Specialists define guided play as play structured to teach academic skills and concepts (Roskos, Tabors, and Lenhart 2004). Two major theories explain on the importance of play in early childhood development, the Psychoanalytic theories and the constructivist theories. The constructivist view focuses on play as a mean for children to construct knowledge. Through play children can experience pleasant and unpleasant situations (Charlesworth, 2011). Vygotsky emphasizes on representational play. for Vygotsky, the fantasy play in early part of a child’s life is critical for their d evelopment (Charlesworth, R. 2011). Representational play and the help of adults can help children creates a Zones of Proximal Development (ZPD) where children can build on of their skills and develop new skills. Through play children can pretend to be whatever they want without fear of rejection, or punishment. Play is critical for children to develop and practice new language skills (Han, Moore, Vukelich, and Buell). A study of 118 low performing students, trying to understand how children’sShow MoreRelatedThe Physical Development Of Children1739 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay consists of a critique of the major theories in relation to the development of children from birth to three years and if they apply to all children’s development. The physical development of children is explored by Freud. His theory displays children at a very young age, showing interest in their own bodies, as he believes they receive pleasure from exploring their genital area. This sexual fixation is started at infancy when the infant takes nourishment and pleasure from suckling milkRead MorePsychoanalytic Theories Of Human Development3318 Words   |  14 Pagesenvironments or thoughts. There are many different influences within society that may impact on human development. Human development occurs over three different factors which can relate to one another of affect each other, these are biological, cog nitive and psychological. Biological meaning human growth, physical changes within the human body for example maturation and growth. Cognitive due to the development of an individual mentally through learning, memory, imaging, ways of thinking and problem solvingRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Development1536 Words   |  7 PagesExperts have spent centuries attempting to obtain the secrets of human development and identify the exact science behind it. Experts have not been able to discover any exact influences of normal human development, nor have they been able to uncover the exact causes of developmental abnormalities (Disabilities). What they have found can seem quite confusing and has caused much debate among those trying to tackle the answer to the question. Is ones developmental trajectory determined by the highnessRead More#NAME?1749 Words   |  7 Pages- His theories on learning is referred to as constructivist approach. - he said that children built up their own thoughts on experiences they had and what they saw. He felt that learning was ongoing and children need to adapt. - Information contradicts their conclusion e.g. children may have milk in a pink tommie sippy but then have juice instead of milk in a pink tommie sippy they would reconsider that other drinks come in a pink tommie sippy not just milk. - piaget grouped children’s learningRead MoreEssay on the Moral Development of Children, Through the Ages and Stages; Referring to Kohlberg and Lickona.2197 Words   |  9 Pageshundreds of comments and decisions that involve moral reasoning. Knowing how and when to respond, requires the teacher to understand the theory and principles underlying the process of moral development. There are several theories and principles by psychologists related to the process of moral development. Freud, a social theorist, proposed a psychoanalytic theory where children form a conscience or superego through identification with the same sex parent (Cole Cole, 1996). A child would behave morallyRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pages02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 2 3:33 PM Page 32 Physical and Cognitive Development Preview Examining the shape of children’s development allows us to understand it better. Every childhood is distinct, and is the first chapter in a new biography. This chapter is about children’s physical and cognitive development. These are some of the questions we will explore: †¢ Do children develop in distinct stages, or is their development smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physically, andRead MorePersonal Factors That Influence A Childa â‚ ¬ Tms Development2282 Words   |  10 PagesThere are numerous dissimilar personal factors that influence a childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs development For instance disability i.e. Physical * Wheelchair bound * Cerebral Palsy * Downs Syndrome * Cystic Fibrosis Even though schools nowadays go an extra mile in accommodating physically disabled children in mainstream education and providing the same opportunities for learning and development for everyone, wheelchair bound children i.e. can be potentially held up in their physical progression. A limited control ofRead MorePlay Worker Level 35061 Words   |  21 PagesCYP 3.1 Understand child and young person development 1.2. Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important. Some aspects of Development follow a definite sequence. This is particular true when it comes to physical development for example, babies have to learn to lift their heads before they can sit; toddlers have to walk before they can run. It is also the case in other areas such as communication as, for example, a baby recogniseRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageslapse in time between their original publication and the printing of this volume, have become obsolete and no longer correspond to the present state of my investigations.** Thus, in the case of partial changes in my orientation, or simply of new developments, or even when recent contributions to the field by other authors had to be accounted for, I have preferred toupdate merely by adding notes (rather long ones when necessary) instead of modifying the original texts. †  * Originally published in

Various Laboratory Tests on Cement Free Essays

VARIOUS LAB TEST ON CEMENT: Checking of materials is an essential part of civil engineering as the life of structure is dependent on the quality of material used. Following are the tests to be conducted to judge the quality of cement. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Various Laboratory Tests on Cement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fineness 2. Soundness 3. Consistency 4. Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement FINENESS OF CEMENT: We need to determine the fineness of cement by dry sieving as per IS: 4031 (Part 1) – 1996. The principle of this is that we determine the proportion of cement whose grain size is larger than specified mesh size. Apparatus: The apparatus used are ) 75Â µm IS Sieve ii) Balance capable of weighing 10g to the nearest 10mg iii) A nylon or pure bristle brush, preferably with 25 to 40mm iv) bristle, for cleaning the sieve Figure No. Sieve No. 200 Procedure to determine fineness of cement: i) Weigh approximately 10g of cement to the nearest 0. 01g and place it on the sieve. ii) Agitate the sieve by swirling, planetary and linear movements, until no more fine material passes through it. iii) Weigh the residue and express its mass as a percentage R1,of the quantity first placed on the sieve to the nearest 0. 1 percent. v) Gently brush all the fine material off the base of the sieve. v ) Repeat the whole procedure using a fresh 10g sample to obtain R2. Then calculate R as the mean of R1 and R2 as a percentage, expressed to the nearest 0. 1 percent. When the results differ by more than 1 percent absolute, carry out a third sieving and calculate the mean of the three values. Reporting of Results: Report the value of R, to the nearest 0. 1 percent, as the residue on the 90Â µm sieve. Test To Check Soundness Of Cement: SOUNDNESS : Soundness of cement is determined by Le-Chatelier method as per IS: 4031 (Part 3) – 1988. Apparatus – The apparatus for conducting the Le-Chatelier test should conform to IS: 5514 – 1969 Balance, whose permissible variation at a load of 1000g should be +1. 0g and Water bath. Procedure to determine soundness of cement i) Place the mould on a glass sheet and fill it with the cement paste formed by gauging cement with 0. 78 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. ii) Cover the mould with another piece of glass sheet, place a small weight on this covering glass sheet and immediately submerge the whole assembly in water at a temperature of 27 Â ± 2oC and keep it there for 24hrs. ii) Measure the distance separating the indicator points to the nearest 0. 5mm (say d1 ). iv) Submerge the mould again in water at the temperature prescribed above. Bring the water to boiling point in 25 to 30 minutes and keep it boiling for 3hrs. v) Remove the mould from the water, allow it to cool and measure the distance between the indicator points (say d2 ) . vi) (d2 – d1 ) represents the expansion of cement. Test To Check Consistency Of Cement : CONSISTENCY : The basic aim is to find out the water content required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency as specified by the IS: 4031 (Part 4) – 1988. The principle is that standard consistency of cement is that consistency at which the Vicat plunger penetrates to a point 5-7mm from the bottom of Vicat mould. Apparatus – Vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513 – 1976, Balance, whose permissible variation at a load of 1000g should be +1. 0g, Gauging trowel conforming to IS: 10086 – 1982. Procedure to determine consistency of cement i) Weigh approximately 400g of cement and mix it with a weighed quantity of water. The time of gauging should be between 3 to 5 minutes. ii) Fill the Vicat mould with paste and level it with a trowel. ii) Lower the plunger gently till it touches the cement surface. iv) Release the plunger allowing it to sink into the paste. v) Note the reading on the gauge. vi) Repeat the above procedure taking fresh samples of cement and different quantities of water until the reading on the gauge is 5 to 7mm. Reporting of Results Express the amount of water as a percentage of the weight of dry cement to the first place of decimal. Test To Check Initial And Final Setting Time Of Cement : INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIME : We need to calculate the initial and final setting time as per IS: 4031 (Part 5) – 1988. To do so we need Vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513 – 1976, Balance, whose permissible variation at a load of 1000g should be +1. 0g, Gauging trowel conforming to IS: 10086 – 1982. Procedure to determine initial and final setting time of cement : i) Prepare a cement paste by gauging the cement with 0. 85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency. ii) Start a stop-watch, the moment water is added to the cement. iii) Fill the Vicat mould completely with the cement paste gauged as above, the mould resting on a non-porous plate and smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top of the mould. The cement block thus prepared in the mould is the test block. A)Â  INITIAL SETTING TIME : Place the test block under the rod bearing the needle. Lower the needle gently in order to make contact with the surface of the cement paste and release quickly, allowing it to penetrate the test block. Repeat the procedure till the needle fails to pierce the test block to a point 5. 0 Â ± 0. 5mm measured from the bottom of the mould. The time period elapsing between the time, water is added to the cement and the time, the needle fails to pierce the test block by 5. 0 Â ± 0. mm measured from the bottom of the mould, is the initial setting time. B)Â  FINAL SETTING TIME : Replace the above needle by the one with an annular attachment. The cement should be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface of the test block, the needle makes an impression therein, while the attachment fails to do so. The period elapsing between the time, water is added to the cement and the time, the needle makes an impression on the surface of the test block, while the attachment fails to do so, is the final setting time. How to cite Various Laboratory Tests on Cement, Essay examples

Paksa free essay sample

Superstition is the belief in supernatural causality—that one event leads to the cause of another without any natural process linking the two events—such as astrology, religion, omens, witchcraft, etc. , that contradicts natural science. Opposition to superstition was central to the intellectuals during the 18th century Age of Enlightenment. The philosophes at that time rejected any belief in miracles, revelation, magic, or the supernatural, as superstition, as well as unreasoned Christian doctrine. Paniniwala sa isang kasabihan na walang pinagbasihan. Ito ay kadalasang namana natin sa ating mga ninuno. Ako’y di pumapanig o naniniwala dito. Dahil ang tunay na kapalaran at swerte ng tao ay tao rin ang makakagawa. Hindi ito nakabase sa paniniwala na wala naman katuturan at walang pinagbasihan. Sorcery the art, practices, or spells of a person who is supposed to exercise supernatural powers through theaid of evil spirits; black magic; witchery. Ang gawaing ito ay taliwas pa rin sa batas ng Diyos at hinding hindi ako pabor o naniniwala dito. Sapagkat ang sorcery ay pawing mga kathang isip lamang at pawang mga demonyo o evil spirit lang ang nakakagamit nito. Ngunit di ko rin alam kung ito ba ay totoo o mga gawa-gawa lamang. Magic is an attempt to understand, experience and influence the world using rituals, symbols, actions, gestures and language. Modern Western magicians generally state magics primary purpose to be personal spiritual growth. Modern theories of magic may see it as the result of a universal sympathy where some act can produce a result somewhere else, or as a collaboration with spirits who cause the effect. Ang mahika ay may kaunting pagkakahalintulad sa sorcery dahil ang mahika ay ang paggamit din ng mga Spells o mga kakaibang salita ngunit hindi sa masama ginagamit. Ngunit ang maituturing na mahika ngayon ay may paliwanag na ang Sensya kaya mahirap na rin itong paniwalaan. Hindi rin ako naniniwala dito. Fortune Telling Ang Fortune telling ay kilala pa rin kahit sa kasalukuyang panahon. Dahil maraming tao pa rin ang naniniwala dito at dito sila lumalapit upang malaman ang kanilang kinabukasan. Sa fortune telling o panghuhula ang kalimitang ginagamit ay mga baraha at guhit sa mga palad. Ang lahat ng ito ay tila wala pa rin basehan kaya di pa rin ako naniniwala dito. Spirit of the Glass Ang spirit of the glass ay ang pagtatawag ng spirito sa pamamagitan ng baso at isang malapad na papel na may nakasulat na letra. Sa pagtawag ng ispiritu ay sinasabayan nila ng dasal. Sa tingin ko ang gawaing ito ay walang katotohanan. Kung totoo man ito ay di pa rin ako napanig o sumasang ayon dito. Dahil ang paggambala sa mga ispiritu o kaluluwa ng mga namatay na ay labag sa kautusan ng Diyos. Paksa 2: Paggamit ng Kapangyarihan Graft and corruption Political corruption is the use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. Di ako sangayon at panig dito. Dahil ang pangungurakot o pagkupit sap era ng sambahayan ay di makatarungan na Gawain. Sapagkat niluklok sila ng tao para mamahala at hindi mandugas. Ang pagiging corrupt ay mainit na usapin pa rin sa medya hanggang sa ngayon dahil hindi pa rin natatapos ang pagsisiyasat kung sino ang tunay na nakinabang sa kaban ng Bayan. Nepotism Nepotism is favoritism granted in politics or business to relatives. The term originated with the assignment of nephews to cardinal positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism is found in the fields of politics, entertainment, business and religion. Di ako sangayon dito dahil dito nagsisimula ang pandaraya at pangungurakot. Paksa 3: Kasagraduhan ng Buhay Abortion Abortion is the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before viability. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is often called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. The term abortion most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy. Malinaw na malinaw na hindi ako sang ayon ditto. Dahil ang aborsyon ay isang uri ng pagkitil sa buhay at ang buhay ang pinaka mahalaga sa lahat. Hindi ang tao o kahit ang nanay ang may desisyon kung ilalaglag ba ito o hindi. Dahil ang Diyos lang ang may karapatan na bawiin ang buhay natin. Euthanasia Eutanasya. Tumatalakay sa pagwakas ng buhay ng isang tao sa isang paraan na hindi na sya makararanas pa ng sakit, ginagawa lang ito sa mga taong hindi na kayang tumagal pa sa sakit na nadarama nila. at ito ay ginagawa lamang kung hiniling ng pasyente o ng pamilya nito. Sa paraang ito ay di pa rin ako sang-ayon. Dahil gaya nga ng sinabi ko kanina na ang buhay ay pinakamahalaga at pinaka Sagrado sa lahat kaya wala tayong karapatan na bawiin ito sa isang tao. Death Penalty Ang death penalty ay ang parusa sa nasasakdal na patayin dahil sa malaking kasalana. Ito ay tinatawag na Bitay sa wikang Tagalog. Pwede kang mahatulan nito kung nakapatay ka, at ipinahayag kang guilty. Sa ngayon, ipinatigil ni Pangulong Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ang parusang ito dahil walang karapatan ang sinuman na kumitil ng buhay ng tao maging ang pinakamakapangyarihang nilalang sa buong mundo dahil Diyos lamang ang makakagawa nito. Di ako sang-ayon dito dahil ang mali ay di na maitatama pa ng pagkakamali. Diyos ang nagbigay ng buhay sa tao at diyos lang din ang may karapatan na bumawi nito. Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or knocked out, using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations. Hindi ako payag dito. Dahil Diyos lang ang may karapatan na maglikha ng bagong buhay ng nilalang. Sa proseso din na ito ay may masamang dulot. Child Labor Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour. These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those byAmish children, and others. Di ako sang ayon dito. Dahil ito ay pag-abuso sa mga kabataan na labag sa batas. Republic Act 7610 o mas kilala bilang Child Abuse law. Hazing Hazing is the practice of rituals and other activities involving harassment, abuse or humiliation used as a way of initiating a person into a group. Hazing is seen in many different types of social groups, including gangs, sports teams, schools, military units, and fraternities and sororities. In the United States and Canada, hazing is often associated with Greek-letter organizations. Hazing is often prohibited by law and may comprise either physical or psychological abuse. It may also include nudity or sexually-oriented offenses. Di ako sang-ayon dito. Sapagkat kapag ginagawa ang gawaing ito ay maaaring malagay sa alanganin ang buhay ng isang tao. Substance abuse Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. The term drug abuse does not exclude dependency, but is otherwise used in a similar manner in nonmedical contexts. The terms have a huge range of definitions related to taking apsychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions imply a negative judgment of the drug use in question (compare with the term responsible drug use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include alcohol, substituted amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (particularlyalprazolam, temazepam, diazepam and clonazepam), cocaine, methaqualone, and opioids. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, both strongly depending on local jurisdiction. There are many cases in which criminal or anti-social behavior occur when the person is under the influence of a drug. Long term personality changes in individuals may occur as well. Other definitions of drug abuse fall into four main categories: public health definitions, mass communication and vernacular usage, medical definitions, and political and criminal justice definitions. Substance abuse is prevalent with an estimated 120 million users of hard drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and other synthetic drugs. Di ako sang-ayon dito sapagkat ang paggamit ng pinagbabawal na gamut ay labag sa Republic Act 9165. At kung sino man ang mahuhuling gumagamit nito ay may karampatang parusa. Paksa 4: Paggalang sa Dignidad ng sekswalidad ng Tao Pre-marital Sex Premarital sex is sexual activity practiced by persons who are unmarried. The prevalence of pre-marital sex has increased in both developed and developing countries. In some cultures, the significance of premarital sex has traditionally been related to the concept of virginity. However, unlike virginity, premarital sex can refer to more than one occasion of sexual activity or more than one sex partner. There are cultural differences as to whether and in which circumstances premarital sex is socially acceptable or tolerated. Social attitudes to premarital sex have changed over time as has the prevalence of premarital sex in various societies. Social attitudes to premarital sex can include issues such as virginity, sexual morality, extramarital unplanned pregnancy, legitimacy besides other issues. Premarital sex may take place in a number of situations. For example, it may take place as casual sex, for example, with at least one participant seeking to experience sex; it may take place between a couple living together in a long-term relationship without marriage; for a betrothed couple engaging in sexual activity before their anticipated marriage; and many other situations are possible. Di ako sang-ayon dito. Dahil sa paraang ito lumalaganap ang sakit. Dahil sa pagtatalik ng dalawang indibidwal na di naman mag-asawa o lubusang magkakilala. Live-in Ang live in ay pagsasama ng dalawang taong nagmamahalan sa ilalim ng isang bubong at ginagawa ang mga gawain ng mga mag-asawa ngunit ang kaibahan lang ay walang kasal na nagbibigkis sa kanilang dalawa. Ang paglilive in o pagsasama na parang mag-asawa ay nangyayari dahil sa kakulangan ng pera para magpakasal. Ito din ay bunga ng maagang pagaasawa. Ang live in ay nangyayari din kung ang isa sa magkapareha ay hindi na maaaring magpakasal. Halimbawa ang lalaki ay kasal na ngunit nakahanap ng pagmamahal sa ibang babae. Sexual Exploitation Sexual exploitation is the sexual abuse of children and youth through the exchange of sex or sexual acts for drugs, food, shelter, protection, other basics of life, and/or money. Sexual exploitation includes involving children and youth in creating pornography and sexually explicit websites. Di ako sang-ayon dito sapagkat ito ay maling Gawain n adapt pigilan. Same-sex Marriage Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage) is marriage between two people of the same biological sex and/or gender identity. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage or the possibility to perform a same-sex marriage is sometimes referred to as marriage equality or equal marriage, particularly by supporters. The legalization of same-sex marriage is characterized as redefining marriage by many opponents. Prostitution Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations, in exchange for payment. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country, from being permissible but unregulated, to an enforced or unenforced crime or to a regulated profession. Prostitution is sometimes also referred to as the worlds oldest profession. Estimates place the annual revenue generated from the global prostitution industry to be over $100 billion. Extramarital Sex Extramarital affairs are relationships outside of marriage where an illicit romantic or sexual relationship or a romantic friendship or passionate attachment occurs. An extramarital affair that continues in one form or another for years, even as one of the partners to that affair passes through marriage, divorce and remarriage, could be considered the primary relationship and the marriages secondary to it. This may be serial polygamy or other forms of nonmonogamy. The ability to pursue serial and clandestine extramarital affairs whilst safeguarding the secrets and conflict of interest inherent in the practice, requires skill in deception and duplicitous negotiation. Even to hide one affair requires a degree of skill or malicious gaslighting. All these behaviors are more usually called lying.

Lord of the Flies Summary

'Lord of the Flies' Summary William Golding’s 1954 novel Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young boys who find themselves alone on a deserted island. They develop rules and a system of organization, but without any adults to serve as a civilizing impulse, the children eventually become violent and brutal. In the context of the novel, the tale of the boys descent into chaos suggests that human nature is fundamentally savage. Chapters 1-3 The novel opens with a young boy named Ralph and a chubby, glasses-wearing boy as they walk onto a lagoon wearing their school uniforms. We soon learn that they are part of a group of boys who were evacuated during the war and who survived the plane crash that followed what they suspect was an enemy attack. As Ralph and the other boy that there are no adults around, they decide they must attract the attention of any other surviving children. Ralph locates a conch shell and begins to blow into it, summoning the other boys with the noise. The chubby boy reveals that the other children used to call him Piggy. Ralph believes rescue is imminent, but Piggy argues that they must get organized because they may be stranded for some time. The other boys choose Ralph to be their leader, although the choice is not unanimous; the choir boys, led by Jack Merridew, do not vote for Ralph. Ralph gives them permission to form a hunting group. Ralph quickly establishes a rough form of government and order, exhorting the boys to enjoy their freedom, work together for their mutual survival, and maintain a smoke signal on the beach to attract any potential rescuers. The boys in turn agree that anyone holding the conch gets to speak without interruption. Ralph, Jack, and a boy named Simon are the popular leaders and begin a tense partnership. They explore the island and confirm it is deserted, but locate fruit trees and a herd of wild pigs that Jack decides he and his friends will hunt. The boys use Piggy’s glasses to spark a fire, but Piggy quickly finds himself an outcast despite his friendship with Ralph. Simon begins overseeing the construction of shelters, concerned for the younger boys- referred to as ‛littluns.’ Chapters 4-7 The initial burst of organization doesn’t last long, however. Without adults, most of the boys refuse to do any sort of work and instead spend their time playing and sleeping. At night, rumors of a terrible monster in the trees sparks a panic. Ralph insists monsters do not exist, but Jack says otherwise. He claims that his hunters will find and kill the monster, which boosts his popularity. Jack gathers a group of boys for a hunting expedition, which takes them away from the job of maintaining the signal fire. The fire goes out. Shortly after, a boat moves past the island, but does not spot the boys thanks to the lack of fire. When Jack and the other hunters return in triumph with a pig, Ralph confronts Jack, complaining that they missed their chance at rescue. Jack, angry at his moment being ruined, knows he cannot fight Ralph, and so beats up Piggy, breaking his glasses. As the boys cook and eat the pig ravenously- ignoring warnings about eating undercooked pork- Ralph tells Piggy he wants to stop being the leader, but Piggy convinces him to stay on. Piggy is terrified at what might happen if Jack took over completely. One evening, there is a dogfight between planes near the island, and a fighter pilot ejects. Killed in the air, his body floats down to the island and becomes entangled in the trees. A boy sees his corpse and parachute and is terrified, convinced that he has seen the monster. Jack, Ralph, and a boy named Roger head off to hunt the monster, and all three boys see the corpse and run in terror. Chapters 8-12 Now convinced that the monster is real, Ralph calls a meeting. Jack attempts a coup, but the boys refuse to vote Ralph down, and Jack leaves in a anger, saying he will start his own tribe. Roger sneaks away to join him. More and more boys begin to sneak away to join Jack’s tribe, lured by the roast pigs that Jack and his hunters are able to provide. Jack and his followers begin to paint their faces, and behave in an increasingly savage and primitive manner while Ralph, Piggy, and Simon try to maintain a semblance of order at the shelters. Simon, who sometimes suffers mental attacks, goes off into the woods frequently to be alone. Hiding, he observes Jack and his tribe perform a ritual designed to satisfy the monster- they impale a pig’s head on a sharpened stick and leave it as a sacrifice. It quickly becomes swarmed with flies, and Simon hallucinates a dialog with it, referring to it as the Lord of the Flies. The Pig’s Head tells Simon he is foolish to imagine the monster is a flesh-and-blood thing; it is the boys themselves who are the monster. The Lord of the Flies then tells Simon that the other boys will kill him, because he is the soul of man. As Simon walks away, he comes across the dead pilot and realizes that he has found proof that the monster does not exist. He runs back to the other boys, who have begun to dance in a crazed ritual. When Simon begins crashing through the trees, the boys believe he is the monster, and all the boys- including Ralph and Piggy- attack him in terror, killing him. Meanwhile, Jack has realized that while the conch is a symbol of power, the true power lies in Piggy’s glasses, which is the groups only means of starting a fire. Jack has the support of most of the boys, so he conducts a raid on Ralph and his remaining allies in order to steal Piggys glasses. Ralph goes to their home on the other side of the island, a rock formation known as Castle Rock. He takes the conch and is accompanied by Piggy and just two other boys, twins named Sam and Eric. He demands that Jack return the glasses. Jack’s tribe ties up Sam and Eric, and Ralph and Jack engage in a fight. Piggy, alarmed, takes the conch and attempts to address the boys, pleading for order. Roger sneaks up above Piggy and drops a heavy rock on him, killing the boy and destroying the conch. Ralph flees, leaving Sam and Eric behind. Jack hurts the twins until they agree to join his tribe. Jack orders the hunters to go after Ralph, who is told by Sam and Eric that they intend to kill him and impale his head on a stick. Ralph flees into the woods, but Jack sets fire to the trees to drive him out. As the flames begin to consume the whole island, Ralph desperately runs. Hitting the beach, Ralph trips and falls, only to find himself at the feet of a British naval officer. A ship spotted the flames and came to investigate. All of the children, including Ralph and Jack, suddenly begin to cry, collapsing in exhausted grief. The officer is stunned and expresses disappointment that good British boys would fall into such a state of misbehavior and savagery. Then he turns and studies his own warship contemplatively.

Culture Shock Not Too Far From Home Professor Ramos Blog

Culture Shock Not Too Far From Home Culture Shock Not Too Far From Home Have you ever went somewhere and suddenly became the minority in the group? Or went somewhere and saw many different things that you aren’t used to so it makes it a bit interesting? Well something similar to that happened to me on one of my first trips alone to LA. I experienced being with a lot of other diverse people which meant lots of diverse foods to eat and languages to hear. Last May, when I was only 18 years old, I came to LA with my friend Siouxsie by coming on the Metro. We had plans to go to a music festival that celebrated Asian and Pacific Islander culture. It was open to the public and free so we decided to go. Before the festival, we used buses and subways to go around LA to explore a bit. As soon as we got off the Metro, first trip was to Little Tokyo. We got there around eight A.M. and the majority of the stores were open, but the restaurants were almost all closed. Little Tokyo is all filled with red and white lanterns hung everywhere and really cool building that look like they would be placed in actual Japan. We walked through the stores and they all had lots of plushies, anime merchandise and korean pop merchandise. Everytime we would want into a new store Siouxsie would tell me â€Å" Let’s go see if they have any nice face masks or if they have any more B.T.S merch.† As it started to become afternoon, more people started to come. There was a Japanese market where people started to come to get their groceries from. Inside the store, there were all these different kinds of food and many different brands I’ve never seen before. A lot of the food had labeling that was in a different language so I could not tell what some stuff was. As soon as I saw that they had Thai tea coffee I knew I had to try it. We decided to buy some snacks such as honey butter chips and Thai tea. As soon as I tried the Thai tea coffee I said, â€Å" Welp, this is interesting, uh kind of not what I was expecting† with a sour face. It was a lot stronger than I expected it to be. After leaving Little Tokyo, we used the subway to get to Koreatown. By the way, everytime I have gone on the subway it has this very weird smell to it. On the subway, we saw a lot of homeless people. These people all wore really baggy clothes and some of them even were super skinny. The majority of them looked a bit messy and had messy hair. It was scary because sometimes on the subway, people would walk in and start saying nonsense and would start screaming or would do something that was not normal to me. The majority of the homeless people I saw seemed to be not okay like if they were on drugs or something since they would be yelling to someone who was not there or would start hitting random objects. One lady was even screaming to no one â€Å"Leave me alone dammit. I SAID LEAVE ME ALONE!† A few other times people would be shouting prayers and Siouxsie and I would just awkwardly look at each other. We tried to mind our own business and not talk to strangers. At Koreatown, w e went to a supermarket there and just looked around. Just like the Little Tokyo market, this had everything in another language and everyone there was Korean. Throughout the whole store, I heard multiple people speak Korean and realized my friend and I were the minority in this place since we were not Korean. Finally we headed to the festival, and when we got there it was packed with so many different types of people such as Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics and Asians and probably other types of people too. There were booths selling merchandise from Asian clothing brands which were really pricey and they had food trucks selling different kinds of food from Asian and Pacific Island cultures which was bit overpriced, but I understand since it was a big event. During the performances, they had artists who sang or rapped in their language and english. Like there was some who sang in Filipino,others who sang in Korean or Vietnamese or another language from those cultures. I got to see famous Asian youtubers and actors and singers that day. On this day I got to see diverse cultures from Japanese to Korean to all the ones celebrated in that festival and it was really awesome. I also got to see a diverse socioeconomic status which was the homeless people in the subways since they have a different lifestyle than I do. It scared me a bit because I do not usually get exposed to seeing that type of people that close. This made me realize how diverse and different California really is.

System operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

System operation management - Essay Example This is a picture that extends to other sectors of the economy, whether it is the tourism industry, where some tourists get guidance from a digital tour guide, or one that is physically present. In the production sector, the use of computers in the process gets more prominent by the day (Katz & Koutroumpiz 2012). This section of the paper examines the importance of digitization to the manufacturing sector. The manufacturing industry forms the largest source of revenue for many economies in the world, especially first world economies (Friedrich et al. 2011). As mentioned earlier, the production industry has been privy to rapid digitization over the past few decades. This means that there is the use of intelligent machinery in place of human labour. Economists all over the world have had debates on the consequences of this. This is because, even though digitization means a more sophisticated production process, there is the fact that the introduction of intelligent equipment to the pro duction chain implies that there are fewer jobs for human labourers (Karim et al 2013). Despite this negative consequence of digitization, the positive implications of a digitized manufacturing industry are vast. ... This for the manufacturing industry means higher rates of production at lower costs (Sabbagh et al. 2012). In addition, machines can work for longer periods than human labour can; hence, the increased levels of production. Secondly, digitization in the manufacturing industry has revolutionized the method by which companies communicate with customers and stakeholders, and how they create brands (Karim et al. 2013). In the second economy, companies have learnt to rely more and more on social media for service production. One way in which this is made possible in the manufacturing industry is by providing avenues for customers to voice their opinions on certain products on social media, for example, on twitter. This enhances communication with the necessary clients and works towards building a brand. Another way in which the digital economy proves useful for communication is by providing consumers with the option to order custom-made products from manufacturers and, therefore, enhance c ustomer satisfaction (Sabbagh et al. 2012). Another advantage of a digitized economy over a physical economy is the way in which digitization has revolutionized operations. It is said that in America, one in four workers engage in telecommunication while at work (Katz & Koutroumpis 2012). Across the world, members of different companies have a means through which they reach workers in other continents. The effect that this has is that it increases competition between various organizations. In addition, companies are able to outsource some of their functions to companies in far away locations. This enhances efficiency across the manufacturing industry. Digitization is important for each aspect the manufacturing industry. In production, the

Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Property Law - Essay Example Therefore only a genuine owner of a property can actually sell, transfer or dispose of it1 and this suggests that Colonel Cadwallader is the person with the right to sell the violin, not Bill Sykes. The same principle is also stated reiterated in the law regarding sales2 so that a buyer who purchases a property from a seller who does not have necessary authority from the actual owner, or an acquired consent from the real owner after the sale has been finalized, does not acquire a valid title over the property just purchased. Therefore, you will note that at the outset, there appears to be a possibility that since Lady Fotherington Thomas has not acquired the property from the actual owner, the principle of nemo dat quod non habet may well apply to this case to render the sale invalid. However, it must also be established that Bill Sykes did not have a valid authorization from Colonel Cadwallader to sell the violin. In this case, the title on the property that Bill Sykes has acquired through fraudulently posing as someone else is voidable under law.3 But if the voidable title is not avoided by the actual owner before the latter sells it to a third party, then there is a holding out, in which case the new buyer acquires valid title to the property.4 Therefore it would appear that since Colonel Cadwallader has not avoided the voidable title before Bill Sykes has sold it to the violin dealer and Lady Fotherington-Thomas, therefore she does acquire valid title to the property. We may also find support for this position in the law in the form of the rights of buyers in possession5 and Lady Fotherington Thomas may be entitled to retain possession on three grounds (a) Bill Sykes initially obtained possession of the Stradivirus with the consent of the colonel and (b) she received the property in good faith and without receiving notice of liens possessed by

Panera Bread Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Panera Bread Company - Essay Example In order to achieve this, business organizations have to implement certain strategies. Each and every product needs to be designed or made on the basis of customer’s needs and wants. Panera Bread Company has so many outlets in US and Canada and each outlet has its own varieties of customers. Thus, in order to maintain a steady flow of customers they have to follow certain marketing strategies tailor made to meet the requirements of each and every outlet, depending on the peculiar characteristics of the outlet. The franchisee business model is quite appropriate in the food and beverage industry. However, unlike it is competitors, Panera does not have many Franchisee units. So to increase the franchisees the company has to implement some new strategies. Because of the strict policies Panera does not have as many outlets as its competitors like Star Bucks and McDonald’s have. Not cashing in on the attractive concept of franchising is the main drawback of Panera. The issues however can be easily solved on the basis of franchises and the management professionals have to follow some kind of marketing activities such as market campaigns, Employees and customer’s awareness classes. . To get more in to franchising the rules should be cut down on the basis of this we can improve our business activities as well as our customers. It is needless to mention that every business operates on the basis of profitability and for Panera to

The Kite Runner And Hamlet Tragedy

The Kite Runner And Hamlet Tragedy In the novel The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini and in the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare the characters suffer tragedy as a result of the world that they have created for themselves. Despite the sufferings, in the end they find redemption. The characters do not act until they are pushed by it, the lack of action causes them to suffer. The conflict between father and son causes Amir and Hamlet to suffer. And Amir and Hamlet betray other characters and they both end up in tragedy. The man of action is rewarded while the man of inaction suffers tragedy. Amir and Hamlet are both hesitant in making decisions. Hassan, Amirs best friend and also his family servant, unconditionally helps Amir throughout the novel. Hassan is a brave Hazara boy who makes sacrifices for Amir. For you, a thousand times over Amir Agha. (Pg.1). Like Hamlet, Amir is very moderate in taking action. Amir witnesses Hassan get rapped before his eyes, but he just stands and watches it. In the end I ran. I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me. (Pg.68). In this case, Amir is frightened to act because he is afraid of Assef, a bully, and what he would do to him. Similarly, Hamlets delay of action causes him to suffer. Despite the fact that Hamlet is aware of the flaw throughout the play, he does not act. Hamlets uncertainty about whether or not trust the ghost causes him to be very slow in acting, and this leads him to his downfall. Hamlet often does not act and when he does, he acts unwittingly. As a result, Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius which leads him to his downfall. Hamlet himself realizes the complexity of him own action and he says, How stand I then, that have a father killd, a mother staind, excitement of my reason and my blood, and let all asleep, while to my shame I see all the imminent death of twenty thousand men. (Pg.231) Hamlet criticizes his own inaction by comparing himself to Fortinbras. Hamlet is impressed by Fortinbrass motivation to action that Hamlet himself lacks. Amir and Hamlet suffer from inaction that leads them toward tragedy. The tension between father and son, agonizes Amir and Hamlet. The relationship between Amir and Baba, Amirs father, and Hamlet and King Hamlet suffers the characters. At the beginning of the novel, Amir cannot fulfill Babas expectations of becoming his favoured son. Baba values sports and respected jobs, such as becoming a politician, more than anything else in his life. Baba is a self-centered man and he does not respect Amirs values and wants Amir to become like him. A boy who wont stand up for himself becomes a man who cant stand to anything.(Pg.22). As the time progresses Baba finds out that Amir has no qualities like him, and sometimes he even doubts whether Amir is his real son. This creates isolation between Amir and Baba. Furthermore, their isolation builds a tension between them which causes Amir to suffer. In contrast, the relationship between Hamlet and King Hamlet is considerably strong which provokes Hamlet to take revenge of his fathers death. I am thy fathers spirit; d oomd for a certain term to walk the night. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.(Pg.65). The ghost wants Hamlet to seek revenge for his fathers death. Hamlet loves his father, but he is uncertain about the ghosts existence. This puts Hamlet through dilemma and causes him to suffer. Amir is very obsessed with Babas expectations from him. Sometimes he curses himself for being his son. I wish I could open my veins and drain his cursed blood from my body.(Pg.27). Baba conceals his secret from Amir, and later on in the story he dies with his untold secret. Rahim Khan, Babas old business partner and his best friend, is a wise man who helps Amir with his advices throughout the story. Rahim Khan tells Amir Babas untold secret. He tells Amir that Hassan is his half-brother. Amir is angry because he hadnt known the truth in his whole life and he had been treating Hassan unfairly. But better to get hurt by the truth than comforted with a lie.(Pg.58). Baba conceals his secret to protect h is reputation, at the same time he is hurting Amir and causes him to act unwisely. Therefore, the inconsistencies between father and son suffer Amir and Hamlet. The betrayals alter characters lives, it causes them to suffer throughout the story and in the end it helps them to decide wisely. In The Kite Runner Amir betrays Hassan, his best friend. Later on, he faces the consequences of his betrayal and he chooses to redeem himself. Amir disguises the fact that he had witnessed Hassan being sexually assaulted. He deceives others when he is asked about Hassans wellbeing. This makes Amir feel dreadfully guilty, because he is being unfaithful to Hassan and their friendship. According to Baba, telling lies is the worst of all sins. When you kill a man, you steal a life. You steal his wifes right to a husband, rob his children of a father. When you lie, you steal someones right to the truth.(Pg.16). Amir is influenced by his guilt of betraying Hassan that he can no longer bear Hassans presence in his life, he arranges a conspiracy to drive Hassan out of his life. The absence of Hassan in Amirs life profoundly suffers Amir. He constantly remembers t he good time he had with Hassan in childhood. Most importantly, every thought of Hassan reminds Amir of his disloyalty. When Amir is told that Hassan is his half-blood brother, he regrets his unfaithfulness to him. In comparison, Hamlet betrays Ophelia, his lover. Hamlet is so overwhelmed with his fathers death that he completely forgets about his affections toward Ophelia. You should not have believed me, I loved you not. Get thee to a nunnery.(Pg.141). Hamlet betrays Ophelia by claiming that hed never loved her. Also, Hamlet murders Polonius, Ophelias father, which drives Ophelia insane. Ophelia commits suicide as a result of Hamlets betrayal, this causes Hamlet to suffer. In the novel, Amir instigates to seek forgiveness. Rahim Khan tells Amir that Sohrab, Hassans son, is captured by Taliban in Afghanistan, and he wants Amir to save Sohrab. There is a way to be good again.(Pg.173) Rahim Khan is aware of all the secrets in Amirs life and he tells him that has only one chance to re deem himself from his guilt, it is to save Sohrab and fulfill Hassans wishes. Despite all the obstacles on his way, Amir chooses to save Sohrab. He achieves redemption when he succeeds to save Sohrab and adopt him as his own child. Amir and Hamlet betrays other characters in the story, and in the end they both find redemption. In conclusion, Amir from The Kite Runner and Hamlet from the play Hamlet suffer tragedy as a result of their own actions. Amir and Hamlet are very hesitant in taking actions and when they act, it causes them to suffer. Babas characteristics and his expectations from Amir create conflicts between them, which causes Amir to suffer. Similarly, Hamlets search for his fathers revenge puts him in a dilemma. Finally, Amir and Hamlets betrayal to others causes them to suffer and lead them to their downfall.

Rites Of Passage :: essays research papers fc

Rites of Passage When an individual experiences movement, or a change from an affixed position in society to another position, that individual can easily describe their change as a passage into a new realm of living. A new realm of living is the way in which the individual and society views, acknowledges, and proceeds with their life. Their changes are monumental not only for the individual, but for his/her society as well. Many changes take place during the span of a persons life. They become rites of passage and rituals of initiation-which are more than just simple changes. A plethora of come with these rites and are found in all corners of the globe. Going on vision quests, by the plains Indians of North America, to circumcision by certain Australian cultures, rites of passage present a vast table of religious comparisons(Eliade, p. 287-88). This essay will examine two rites of initiation, by comparing and contrasting their importance to each culture, and discussing how that importance affects that particular individual as well as their society. Finally, the essay will explore possible reasons as to why these initiation rites hold a deep meaning in their respective societies. The Kurnai of Australia have an initiation rite for the sons of married men in their perspective villages. Within a section by A. W. Howitt, in Eliade's book, From Primitives to Zen: A thematic Sourcebook of the History of Religions , a ceremony known as the "Showing the Grandfather" is described(Eliade, p. 288) In this initiation the Kurnai have a formal way of bringing a man's son into the highest, and most secret realm of their religion. By incorporating the use of the father and son relationship, this particular ritual involves the revelation of the central meaning, or "mystery" of their religion. The men and women are separated. Secrecy is one the most important traditions in this initiation. The initiation is not revealed to the women, or anyone else not of their society. The sons, or "novices" as Howitt calls them, are taught the proper religious traditions that they need to know for the ceremony, and for the rest of their lives, as this initiation will conclude their step into religious righteousness, and manhood. This all takes place the day before the ceremony, while other men, who have already been through the ceremony, prepare by hunting for food and arranging a site, not too far from the village, where the initiation will take place. The next morning, a new day at hand, the novices are taken to the site at which time the ceremony commences.